Which of the following are listed as contraindications to diathermy?

• A. Metal implants
• B. Cardiac pacemaker
• C. Certain parts of anatomy
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Diathermy heats tissue with electromagnetic energy, so anything that could be harmed by heat or disrupted by the energy delivery is a contraindication. Metal implants can heat up or distort the field, potentially causing burns. A cardiac pacemaker can be affected by the electromagnetic fields, risking device malfunction. Certain parts of anatomy—like the eyes, testes, or other sensitive areas—are particularly at risk from unintended heating and must be avoided. Because metal implants, pacemakers, and certain anatomical areas are all listed as contraindications, the correct understanding is that all of the above are contraindications to diathermy.