Friction is described as which of the following?

• A. Shallow strokes along the surface.
• B. Deep circular motions performed by the thumb, knuckles, or ends of the fingers at right angles to the involved tissue.
• C. External compression of tissue with a paddle.
• D. A hot pack applied to reduce inflammation.

Answer: (B)

Friction is a deep, cross-fiber massage technique that uses firm pressure with the thumb, knuckles, or fingertips and involves moving in small circular or transverse motions at right angles to the tissue. This perpendicular, deep action targets adhesions and scar tissue, helping to break them up and realign collagen fibers to improve mobility and tissue healing. It’s distinct from superficial surface strokes (effleurage) and from external compression or heat therapy, which are different modalities altogether.