Cystic fibrosis is best described as

• A. A genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine
• B. An infectious disease caused by bacteria
• C. A neurological disorder affecting reflexes
• D. A skin condition causing dryness

Answer: (A)

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene that disrupt chloride transport, leading to thick, sticky mucus that affects multiple organs. It most notably involves the lungs and pancreas, but can also impact the liver and intestines. It’s inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning two mutated copies are needed for disease to manifest. Because it’s a genetic, multisystem condition, it isn’t an infectious disease, a neurological disorder, or a skin condition. The thick mucus in the lungs drives infections and breathing problems, while pancreatic insufficiency can cause malabsorption and nutritional issues.